仮定法混合型

二つの条件文が、それぞれ異なる時を述べることも可能で、これを"仮定法混合型" と呼びます。仮定法混合型の文には二つのタイプがあります。

過去の条件に対する現在の結果

形状

このタイプの仮定法混合型は、'if' 節の時制が過去完了形で、主節の時制が条件付現在形です。

If 節 (条件)	主節 (結果)
If + 過去完了形	条件付現在形
If this thing had happened	that thing would happen.

すべての条件文と同様に、文節の順序は決まっていません。代名詞を置き換えたり、句読点を調節しなければならない場合がありますが、意味は同じです。

例

If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.
I would have a better job now if I had worked harder at school.
If we had looked at the map we wouldn't be lost.
We wouldn't be lost if we had looked at the map.
If you had caught that plane you would be dead now.
You would be dead now if you had caught that plane.

機能

このタイプの仮定法混合型は、非現実な過去の条件と、それに対し現在起こりえることを述べています。これらの文章は、過去も現在も現実と反する状況を述べており、 "if" 節では過去を主節では現在を述べています。

例

If I had studied I would have my driving license. (しかし勉強しなかったので、現在免許書を持っていない)
I would be a millionaire now if I had taken that job. (しかしその仕事をしなかったので、現在億万長者ではない)
If you had spent all your money, you wouldn't buy this jacket. (しかしお金を全部使わなかったので、今このジャケットを買うことができる)

仮定法混合型では、主節でwouldの代わりに叙法を使い、結果の確信、許可、推薦の程度を表現することもできます。

例

If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.
I could be a millionaire now if I had invested in ABC Plumbing.
If I had learned to ski, I might be on the slopes right now.

現在の結果の過去あるいは条件付継続

形状

2つめの仮定法混合型は、 'if' 節が単純過去形で、主節は条件付完了形です。

If 節 (条件)	主節 (結果)
If + 単純過去形	条件付完了形
If this thing happened	that thing would have happened.

すべての条件文と同様に、文節の順序は決まっていません。代名詞を置き換えたり、句読点を調節しなければならない場合もありますが、意味は同じです。

例

If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.
I would have picked it up if I wasn't afraid of spiders.
If we didn't trust him we would have sacked him months ago.
We would have sacked him months ago if we didn't trust him.
If I wasn't in the middle of another meeting, I would have been happy to help you.
I would have been happy to help you if I wasn't in the middle of another meeting.

機能

この仮定法混合型は非現実な現在の状況とそれに対してあり得る（が非現実な）過去の結果を述べています。これらの仮定法混合型は、if 節の時制が 今あるいはいつでも で主節は 今より前を述べます。例えば、 "If I wasn't afraid of spiders" は、現実とは反します。 I am afraid of spiders. "I would have picked it up" は、過去の現実とは反します。 I didn't pick it up.

例

If she wasn't afraid of flying she wouldn't have travelled by boat.
I'd have been able to translate the letter if my Italian was better.
If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them to lunch.
If the elephant wasn't in love with the mouse, she'd have trodden on him by now.

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