単純現在時制

単純現在時制はこのように使われます:

  • 習慣、一般的な真実、繰り返される行動や不変の状況、感情や願望の表現:
    I smoke (習慣); I work in London (不変の状況); London is a large city (一般的な真実)
  • 指示や命令:
    You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
  • 現在や未来に取り決められたこと:
    Your exam starts at 09.00
  • 接続詞after, when, before, as soon as, untilの後の未来の表現:
    He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
学習テスト
注意!単純現在形は、今起こっている行動を表現するのではありません。

  • 習慣
    He drinks tea at breakfast.
    She only eats fish.
    They watch television regularly.
  • 繰り返される行動や出来事
    We catch the bus every morning.
    It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
    They drive to Monaco every summer.
  • 一般的な真実
    Water freezes at zero degrees.
    The Earth revolves around the Sun.
    Her mother is Peruvian.
  • 指示や説明
    Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
    You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
  • 取り決められたこと
    His mother arrives tomorrow.
    Our holiday starts on the 26th March
  • 未来の構文と共に
    She'll see you before she leaves.
    We'll give it to her when she arrives.

単純現在時制の作り方: to think

肯定文 疑問文 否定文
I think Do I think? I do not think
You think Do you think? You do not think
He thinks Does he think? He does not think
She thinks Does she think? She does not think
It thinks Does it think? It does not think
We think Do we think? We do not think.
They think Do they think? They do not think.

単純現在形に関する備考。三人称単数

  • 三人称単数では、動詞は 常に -sで終わります
    he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
  • 否定文や疑問文では DOES (= 助動詞 'DO'の三人称単数形) + 動詞の不定詞
    He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
  • -y で終わる動詞:三人称単数では -y-iesに変更:
    fly --> flies, cry --> cries
    Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
    play --> plays, pray --> prays
  • Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
    he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
  • He goes to school every morning.
  • She understands English.
  • It mixes the sand and the water.
  • He tries very hard.
  • She enjoys playing the piano.
学習テスト