英語観点や批評の副詞

行動に関する話し手の観点や意見を表したり、行動に対する批評をする副詞や副詞的表現があります。これらの副詞は、どのように行動が起こったのかを告げるものではないので、他の副詞とは異なります。批評や観点の副詞は、動詞、副詞や形容詞ひとつを修飾するのではなく、文節全体を修飾します。批評の副詞と観点の副詞の間には、文章の中で置かれる場所意外に明らかな区別はありません。観点の副詞として使われる副詞の多くは、批評の副詞としても使われますが、そのどちらかにより一般的に使われる副詞もあります。

文の配置

観点の副詞は、文の終わりより、文の始めに置かれることが一般的で、通常コンマで残りの文章と区別されています。批評の副詞は、主動詞の前に置かれ、主動詞が "to be"の場合のみ、動詞の前後に置くことが出来ます。時に、主動詞の前に置かれる批評の副詞は、コンマで残りの文章と区別されている場合もありますが、ほとんどの場合は区別されていません。以下の例は、文中で観点と批評の副詞を正しく配置したものです。その配置が、話し言葉で一般的でなかったり、堅苦しかったり、形式的過ぎる場合は、星印がついています。

観点や批評の副詞	文章の始め	主動詞の前	文章の終わり
clearly	Clearly, he doesn't know what he is doing.	He clearly doesn't know what he is doing.	He doesn't know what he is doing, clearly.
obviously	Obviously, you are acting silly.	You are obviously acting silly	You are acting silly, obviously.
personally	Personally, I'd rather go by train.	I'd personally rather go by train.	I'd rather go by train, personally.
presumably	Presumably, he didn't have time to go to the post office.	He presumably didn't have time to go to the post office.	He didn't have time to go to the post office, presumably.
seriously	Seriously, I can't give this speech.	I seriously can't give this speech.	I can't give this speech, seriously.
surely	Surely you tried to get here on time.	You surely tried to get here on time.	You tried to get here on time, surely.
technically	Technically, we cannot fly to Mars and back.	We technically cannot fly to Mars and back.	We cannot fly to Mars and back, technically.
undoubtedly	Undoubtedly, he has a good reason not to come.	He undoubtedly has a good reason not to come.	He has a good reason not to come, undoubtedly.
bravely	Bravely, I kept on walking.	I bravely kept on walking.	I kept on walking, bravely*.
carelessly	Carelessly, she threw her book into the pond.	She carelessly threw her book into the pond.	She threw her book into the pond, carelessly*.
certainly	Certainly you should be there.	You certainly should be there. / You should certainly be there.	You should be there, certainly.
cleverly	Cleverly, Sally hid the jellybeans.	Sally cleverly hid the jellybeans.	Sally hid the jellybeans, cleverly*.
definitely	*Definitely, you are smart.	You defintely are smart. / You are definitely smart.	You are smart, definitely*.
foolishly	Foolishly, they cried out.	They foolishly cried out.	They cried out, foolishly.
generously	Generously, he donated the money.	He generously donated the money.	He donated the money, generously*.
stupidly	Stupidly, they played in the street.	They stupidly played in the street.	They played in the street, stupidly*.
obviously	Obviously, we are lost.	We are obviously lost. / We obviously* are lost.	We are lost, obviously.
kindly	Kindly, she fed the cat first.	She kindly fed the cat first.	She fed the cat first, kindly.
luckily	Luckily, you got here on time.	You luckily got here on time.	You got here on time, luckily.
fortunately	Fortunately, we found the boat.	We fortunately found the boat.	We found the boat, fortunately.
naturally	Naturally, you cannot be in the circus now.	You naturally cannot be in the circus now.	You cannot be in the circus now, naturally.
wisely	Wisely, she stayed home to take a nap.	She wisely stayed home to take a nap.	She stayed home to take a nap, wisely.
confidentially	Confidentially, I never gave him the envelope.		I never gave him the envelope, confidentially.
theoretically	Theoretically, we could send astronauts to Mars.	We could theoretically send astronauts to Mars. / We theoretically could send astronauts to Mars.	We could send astronauts to Mars, theoretically.
truthfully	Truthfully, I don't like chocolate much.	I truthfully don't like chocolate much.	I don't like chocolate much, truthfully.
disappointingly	Disappointingly, she got fourth place.	She disappointingly got fourth place.	She got fourth place, disappointingly.
thoughtfully	Thoughtfully, I turned away.	I thoughtfully turned away.	I turned away, thoughtfully.
simply	*Simply, I don't want to come.	I simply don't want to come.
unbelievably	Unbelievably, she showed up late again.	She unbelievably showed up late again.	She showed up late again, unbelievably.
unfortunately	Unfortunately, there is no more room.	There is unfortunately no more room. / There unfortunately is no more room.	There is no more room, unfortunately.

英語学習リソース

観点や批評の副詞

文の配置

国際教育機関EFの英語学習プログラム

語学留学プログラム

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