関係詞節における前置詞の配置

関係詞節には前置詞を使うことがよくあり、関係代名詞が前置詞の目的語になります。日常英語では、前置詞は関係詞節の終わりに置かれることが一般的で、代名詞を省略することもできます。正式な英語では、前置詞は関係詞節の前に置かれ、その場合代名詞は省略できません。下の例で、括弧に入った代名詞は省略できるものです。

日常英語 正式な英語
Is that the man (who) she arrived with? Is that the man with whom she arrived?
Does he know the girl (that) John is talking to? Does he know the girl to whom John is talking?
The person (who) he is negotiating with is the Chairman of a large company. The person with whom he is negotiating is the Chairman of a large company.
It is a club (which) many important people belong to. It is a club to which many important people belong.
He liked the people (that) he lived with. He liked the people with whom he lived.
The tree (that) they had their picnic under was the largest and oldest in the park. The tree under which they had their picnic was the largest and oldest in the park.
It was the river (that) the children preferred to swim in. It was the river in which the children preferred to swim.
The jungle (that) the tribe lived in was full of strange and unusual animals. The jungle in which the tribe lived was full of strange and unusual animals.